Imagine you put some money down to buy the house. Every month, tenants pay rent. After you pay taxes, HOA, insurance, and the mortgage, whatever cash is left is your “paycheck” from the property.

Cash-on-cash answers: “If I put in $X, what % of that do I get back each year in leftover cash?” Example: put in $100,000 and get $8,000/year left over → 8% cash-on-cash.

Move the slider to change how much you put down (1% = mostly borrowed, 100% = you pay all cash and have no mortgage payment).

Houses (and land) often cost more years later than they do today. That rise in price is called appreciation.

This model guesses: “If prices grow like ___, what is this property worth after 1 to 15 years?” It also tracks how much of the loan you’ve paid off, so you can see your equity (value minus what’s still owed to the bank).

Pick a growth speed below, then slide how many years you plan to hold. These are scenarios — not guarantees.

Real estate can pay you in two ways at the same time:

1. Rent leftovers (like a dividend) — cash you collect each year after bills and the mortgage.
2. Price growth — the property becoming worth more than what you still owe, so your equity grows.

This model adds both over the years you chose above. That combined number is your estimated total return. Uses the same down payment and growth scenario from Models 1 and 2.